Direct and Indirect Employee Voice and Firm Innovation in Small and Medium Firms

This study adopts an integrated approach to employee voice (EV) and analyses the impacts of direct indirect EV mechanisms on firm innovation in small medium-sized firms separately. It also proposes a new categorization for EV, by distinguishing between verbal written mechanisms, allowing us take level formality different into account. The analysis 17,890 European shows that verbal, are all positively related higher propensity both medium firms. However, relationship is significantly stronger than results reveal derive benefit while combining balancing with levels formalization (i.e. voice). former suffers from excessive employees’ involvement process (e.g. through Overall, this supports recent calls need adopt integrated, pluralistic has important implications research